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Compare Oman (2003) - Indian Ocean (2003)

Compare Oman (2003) z Indian Ocean (2003)

 Oman (2003)Indian Ocean (2003)
 OmanIndian Ocean
Administrative divisions 6 regions (mintaqat, singular - mintaqah) and 2 governorates* (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah) Ad Dakhiliyah, Al Batinah, Al Wusta, Ash Sharqiyah, Az Zahirah, Masqat, Musandam*, Zufar*; note - the US Embassy in Oman reports that Masqat is a governorate, but this has not been confirmed by the US Board on Geographic Names (BGN) -
Age structure 0-14 years: 42.2% (male 603,664; female 580,469)


15-64 years: 55.4% (male 934,621; female 620,158)


65 years and over: 2.4% (male 36,504; female 31,709) (2003 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products dates, limes, bananas, alfalfa, vegetables; camels, cattle; fish -
Airports 139 (2002) -
Airports - with paved runways total: 6


over 3,047 m: 4


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)		 -
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 133


over 3,047 m: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 7


1,524 to 2,437 m: 55


914 to 1,523 m: 37


under 914 m: 32 (2002)		 -
Area total: 212,460 sq km


land: 212,460 sq km


water: 0 sq km		 total: 68.556 million sq km


note: includes Andaman Sea, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Flores Sea, Great Australian Bight, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Java Sea, Mozambique Channel, Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Savu Sea, Strait of Malacca, Timor Sea, and other tributary water bodies
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Kansas about 5.5 times the size of the US
Background In 1970, QABOOS bin Said Al Said ousted his father and has ruled as sultan ever since. His extensive modernization program has opened the country to the outside world and has preserved a long-standing political and military relationship with the UK. Oman's moderate, independent foreign policy has sought to maintain good relations with all Middle Eastern countries. The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean, but larger than the Southern Ocean and Arctic Ocean). Four critically important access waterways are the Suez Canal (Egypt), Bab el Mandeb (Djibouti-Yemen), Strait of Hormuz (Iran-Oman), and Strait of Malacca (Indonesia-Malaysia). The decision by the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000 to delimit a fifth ocean, the Southern Ocean, removed the portion of the Indian Ocean south of 60 degrees south.
Birth rate 37.47 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) -
Budget revenues: $9.2 billion


expenditures: $6.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)		 -
Capital Muscat -
Climate dry desert; hot, humid along coast; hot, dry interior; strong southwest summer monsoon (May to September) in far south northeast monsoon (December to April), southwest monsoon (June to October); tropical cyclones occur during May/June and October/November in the northern Indian Ocean and January/February in the southern Indian Ocean
Coastline 2,092 km 66,526 km
Constitution none; note - on 6 November 1996, Sultan QABOOS issued a royal decree promulgating a new basic law which, among other things, clarifies the royal succession, provides for a prime minister, bars ministers from holding interests in companies doing business with the government, establishes a bicameral legislature, and guarantees basic civil liberties for Omani citizens -
Country name conventional long form: Sultanate of Oman


conventional short form: Oman


local long form: Saltanat Uman


local short form: Uman


former: Muscat and Oman		 -
Currency Omani rial (OMR) -
Death rate 3.97 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) -
Debt - external $5.7 billion (2002 est.) -
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Richard Lewis BALTIMORE III


embassy: Jameat A'Duwal Al Arabiya Street, Al Khuwair area, Muscat


mailing address: P. O. Box 202, P.C. 115, Madinat Al-Sultan Qaboos, Muscat


telephone: [968] 698989, extension 203


FAX: [968] 699771		 -
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Muhammad bin Ali bin Thani AL-KHUSSAIBY


chancery: 2535 Belmont Road, NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 387-1980 through 1981, 1988


FAX: [1] (202) 745-4933		 -
Disputes - international boundary agreement signed and ratified with UAE in 2003 for entire border, including Oman's Musandam Peninsula and Al Madhah enclaves some maritime disputes (see littoral states)
Economic aid - recipient $76.4 million (1995) -
Economy - overview Oman's economic performance improved significantly in 2000 due largely to the upturn in oil prices. The government is moving ahead with privatization of its utilities, the development of a body of commercial law to facilitate foreign investment, and increased budgetary outlays. Oman continues to liberalize its markets and joined the World Trade Organization (WTrO) in November 2000. GDP growth improved in 2001 despite the global slowdown and then fell back to 2.2% in 2002. In order to reduce unemployment, the government is trying to replace expatriate workers with local workers. Another government objective is the development of the nation's gas resources. The Indian Ocean provides major sea routes connecting the Middle East, Africa, and East Asia with Europe and the Americas. It carries a particularly heavy traffic of petroleum and petroleum products from the oilfields of the Persian Gulf and Indonesia. Its fish are of great and growing importance to the bordering countries for domestic consumption and export. Fishing fleets from Russia, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan also exploit the Indian Ocean, mainly for shrimp and tuna. Large reserves of hydrocarbons are being tapped in the offshore areas of Saudi Arabia, Iran, India, and western Australia. An estimated 40% of the world's offshore oil production comes from the Indian Ocean. Beach sands rich in heavy minerals and offshore placer deposits are actively exploited by bordering countries, particularly India, South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.
Electricity - consumption 8.625 billion kWh (2001) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) -
Electricity - production 9.274 billion kWh (2001) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point: Arabian Sea 0 m


highest point: Jabal Shams 2,980 m		 lowest point: Java Trench -7,258 m


highest point: sea level 0 m
Environment - current issues rising soil salinity; beach pollution from oil spills; very limited natural fresh water resources endangered marine species include the dugong, seals, turtles, and whales; oil pollution in the Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements		 -
Ethnic groups Arab, Baluchi, South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan, Bangladeshi), African -
Exchange rates Omani rials per US dollar - 0.38 (2002), 0.38 (2001), 0.38 (2000), 0.38 (1999), 0.38 (1998) -
Executive branch chief of state: Sultan and Prime Minister QABOOS bin Said Al Said (since 23 July 1970); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister QABOOS bin Said Al Said (since 23 July 1970); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary		 -
Exports NA (2001) -
Exports - commodities petroleum, reexports, fish, metals, textiles -
Exports - partners Japan 20.5%, South Korea 18.5%, China 14.1%, Thailand 11.7%, UAE 9.2%, Singapore 4.3%, US 4.1% (2002) -
Fiscal year calendar year -
Flag description three horizontal bands of white, red, and green of equal width with a broad, vertical, red band on the hoist side; the national emblem (a khanjar dagger in its sheath superimposed on two crossed swords in scabbards) in white is centered near the top of the vertical band -
GDP purchasing power parity - $22.4 billion (2002 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 3%


industry: 55%


services: 42% (2001 est.)		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $8,300 (2002 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 2.2% (2002 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 21 00 N, 57 00 E 20 00 S, 80 00 E
Geography - note strategic location on Musandam Peninsula adjacent to Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for world crude oil major chokepoints include Bab el Mandeb, Strait of Hormuz, Strait of Malacca, southern access to the Suez Canal, and the Lombok Strait
Heliports 1 (2002) -
Highways total: 34,965 km


paved: 9,673 km (including 550 km of expressways)


unpaved: 25,292 km (2001)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%		 -
Imports NA (2001) -
Imports - commodities machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, livestock, lubricants -
Imports - partners UAE 27.5%, Japan 16.7%, UK 7.4%, US 6.9%, Germany 5% (2002) -
Independence 1650 (expulsion of the Portuguese) -
Industrial production growth rate 4% (2000 est.) -
Industries crude oil production and refining, natural gas production, construction, cement, copper -
Infant mortality rate total: 21.01 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 24.03 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 17.85 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)		 -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) -0.5% (2002 est.) -
International organization participation ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land 620 sq km (1998 est.) -
Judicial branch Supreme Court


note: the nascent civil court system, administered by region, has non-Islamic judges as well as traditional Islamic judges		 -
Labor force 920,000 (2002 est.) -
Labor force - by occupation agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA% -
Land boundaries total: 1,374 km


border countries: Saudi Arabia 676 km, UAE 410 km, Yemen 288 km		 -
Land use arable land: 0.08%


permanent crops: 0.22%


other: 99.7% (1998 est.)		 -
Languages Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects -
Legal system based on English common law and Islamic law; ultimate appeal to the monarch; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction -
Legislative branch bicameral Majlis Oman consists of an upper chamber or Majlis al-Dawla (48 seats; members appointed by the monarch; has advisory powers only) and a lower chamber or Majlis al-Shura (83 seats; members elected by limited suffrage for three-year term, however, the monarch makes final selections and can negate election results; body has some limited power to propose legislation, but otherwise has only advisory powers)


elections: last held 4 October 2003 (next to be held NA 2006)


election results: NA		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population: 72.58 years


male: 70.4 years


female: 74.86 years (2003 est.)		 -
Literacy definition: NA


total population: 75.8%


male: 83.1%


female: 67.2% (2003 est.)		 -
Location Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Oman, and Persian Gulf, between Yemen and UAE body of water between Africa, the Southern Ocean, Asia, and Australia
Map references Middle East Political Map of the World
Maritime claims contiguous zone: 24 NM


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM		 -
Merchant marine total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 17,291 GRT/9,457 DWT


ships by type: container 1, passenger 2


note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Singapore 1 (2002 est.)		 -
Military branches Royal Omani Armed Forces (Army, Navy, Air Force), Royal Omani Police -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $2.424 billion (FY01) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 12.2% (FY01) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 788,429 (2003 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 438,326 (2003 est.) -
Military manpower - military age 14 years of age (2003 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 29,485 (2003 est.) -
National holiday Birthday of Sultan QABOOS, 18 November (1940) -
Nationality noun: Omani(s)


adjective: Omani		 -
Natural hazards summer winds often raise large sandstorms and dust storms in interior; periodic droughts occasional icebergs pose navigational hazard in southern reaches
Natural resources petroleum, copper, asbestos, some marble, limestone, chromium, gypsum, natural gas oil and gas fields, fish, shrimp, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules
Net migration rate 0.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) -
Pipelines gas 3,599 km; oil 3,187 km (2003) -
Political parties and leaders none -
Political pressure groups and leaders none -
Population 2,807,125


note: includes 577,293 non-nationals (July 2003 est.)		 -
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 3.38% (2003 est.) -
Ports and harbors Matrah, Mina' al Fahl, Mina' Raysut Chennai (Madras; India), Colombo (Sri Lanka), Durban (South Africa), Jakarta (Indonesia), Kolkata (Calcutta; India) Melbourne (Australia), Mumbai (Bombay; India), Richards Bay (South Africa)
Radio broadcast stations AM 3, FM 9, shortwave 2 (1999) -
Railways 0 km -
Religions Ibadhi Muslim 75%, Sunni Muslim, Shi'a Muslim, Hindu -
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.51 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.15 male(s)/female


total population: 1.28 male(s)/female (2003 est.)		 -
Suffrage in Oman's most recent elections in 2000, limited to approximately 175,000 Omanis chosen by the government to vote in elections for the Majlis al-Shura -
Telephone system general assessment: modern system consisting of open-wire, microwave, and radiotelephone communication stations; limited coaxial cable


domestic: open-wire, microwave, radiotelephone communications, and a domestic satellite system with 8 earth stations


international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 201,000 (1997) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 59,822 (1997) -
Television broadcast stations 13 (plus 25 low-power repeaters) (1999) -
Terrain central desert plain, rugged mountains in north and south surface dominated by counterclockwise gyre (broad, circular system of currents) in the southern Indian Ocean; unique reversal of surface currents in the northern Indian Ocean; low atmospheric pressure over southwest Asia from hot, rising, summer air results in the southwest monsoon and southwest-to-northeast winds and currents, while high pressure over northern Asia from cold, falling, winter air results in the northeast monsoon and northeast-to-southwest winds and currents; ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Indian Ocean Ridge and subdivided by the Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge, Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge, and Ninetyeast Ridge
Total fertility rate 5.94 children born/woman (2003 est.) -
Unemployment rate NA% -
Waterways none -
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